Matplotlib and Seaborn

Warning

For Pythonic plotting in Deephaven, we recommend Deephaven Express, a real-time version of Plotly Express. It has built-in support for ticking data, more active development, and fewer potential pitfalls when working with ticking plots.

This guide shows you how to use Matplotlib and Seaborn to create plots in Deephaven.

Install the Matplotlib plugin

Use pip to install Deephaven's Matplotlib plugin.

pip3 install deephaven-plugin-matplotlib

To include Seaborn, run:

pip3 install deephaven-plugin-matplotlib seaborn

The process for installing Python packages depends on whether Deephaven is run from Docker or Pip. See the guide on installing Python packages to learn more.

Matplotlib examples

Static plotting

Caution

All examples in this guide use Matplotlib's explicit interface. Users should do the same, especially in examples where multiple plots source data from ticking tables.

Here is the basic usage of Matplotlib to show one figure:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


x = [0, 2, 4, 6]
y = [1, 3, 4, 8]
m_figure, m_axes = plt.subplots()
plt.plot(x, y)
plt.xlabel("x values")
plt.ylabel("y values")
plt.title("plotted x and y values")
plt.legend(["line 1"])

The above plot

The full functionality of Matplotlib is avilable inside the Deephaven IDE:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import math

# Get the angles from 0 to 2 pie (360 degree) in narray object
X = np.arange(0, math.pi * 2, 0.05)

# Using built-in trigonometric function we can directly plot
# the given cosine wave for the given angles
Y1 = np.sin(X)
Y2 = np.cos(X)
Y3 = np.tan(X)
Y4 = np.tanh(X)

# Initialise the subplot function using number of rows and columns
figure, axis = plt.subplots(2, 2)

# For Sine Function
axis[0, 0].plot(X, Y1)
axis[0, 0].set_title("Sine Function")

# For Cosine Function
axis[0, 1].plot(X, Y2)
axis[0, 1].set_title("Cosine Function")

# For Tangent Function
axis[1, 0].plot(X, Y3)
axis[1, 0].set_title("Tangent Function")

# For Tanh Function
axis[1, 1].plot(X, Y4)
axis[1, 1].set_title("Tanh Function")

Four plots displayed side-by-side

3D plots

Here are some 3D examples. The data, available from Kaggle, needs to be placed in the data directory. For more information see our guide on Docker data volumes.

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from mpl_toolkits import mplot3d
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


df = pd.read_csv("/data/auto_clean.csv")

fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10))
ax = plt.axes(projection="3d")
ax.scatter3D(
    df["length"],
    df["width"],
    df["height"],
    c=df["peak-rpm"],
    s=df["price"] / 50,
    alpha=0.4,
)
ax.set_xlabel("Length")
ax.set_ylabel("Width")
ax.set_zlabel("Height")
ax.set_title("Relationship between height, weight, and length")

A 3D scatter plot

df["body-style"].unique()

df["body_style1"] = df["body-style"].replace(
    {"convertible": 1, "hatchback": 2, "sedan": 3, "wagon": 4, "hardtop": 5}
)

gr = df.groupby("body_style1")[["peak-rpm", "price"]].agg("mean")
x = gr.index
y = gr["peak-rpm"]
z = [0] * 5
colors = ["b", "g", "crimson", "r", "pink"]
dx = 0.3 * np.ones_like(z)
dy = [30] * 5
dz = gr["price"]
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 8))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection="3d")
ax.set_xticklabels(["convertible", "hatchback", "sedan", "wagon", "hardtop"])
ax.set_xlabel("Body Style", labelpad=7)
ax.set_yticks(np.linspace(5000, 5250, 6))
ax.set_ylabel("Peak Rpm", labelpad=10)
ax.set_zlabel("Price")
ax.set_zticks(np.linspace(7000, 22250, 6))
ax.set_title("Change of Price with Body_style and Peak RPM")
ax.bar3d(x, y, z, dx, dy, dz)

A 3D bar graph

def z_function(x, y):
    return np.sin(np.sqrt(x**2 + y**2))


tri_surf = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 8))
ax = plt.axes(projection="3d")
x = df["peak-rpm"]
y = df["city-mpg"]
z = z_function(x, y)
ax.plot_trisurf(x, y, z, cmap="viridis", edgecolor="none")
ax.set_xlabel("Peak RPM")
ax.set_ylabel("City-MPG")
ax.set_title("Peak RPM vs City-MPG")
ax.view_init(60, 25)

The tri_surf 3D graph

Real-time plotting with TableAnimation

Deephaven's matplotlib plugin also enables you to visualize real-time data.

To install the plugin, run:

pip install deephaven-plugin-matplotlib

Making a live animation requires two imports:

from deephaven.plugin.matplotlib import TableAnimation
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

The TableAnimation class will re-draw a plot every time a ticking table is updated. It needs three inputs:

The figure containing data (in the examples below, it's fig).
The table containing data (in the examples below, it's tt or tt_sorted_top).
The function defining how the plot is animated (update_fig).

See the examples below.

Line plot

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from deephaven import time_table
from deephaven.plugin.matplotlib import TableAnimation

# Create a ticking table with the sin function
tt = time_table("PT1S").update(["x=i", "y=Math.sin(x)"])

fig = plt.figure()  # Create a new figure
ax = fig.subplots()  # Add an axes to the figure
(line,) = ax.plot(
    [], []
)  # Plot a line. Start with empty data, will get updated with table updates.

# Note that Deephaven Express eliminates the complexity of update_fig and TableAnimation


# Define our update function. We only look at `data` here as the data is already stored in the format we want
def update_fig(data, update):
    line.set_data([data["x"], data["y"]])

    # Resize and scale the axes. Our data may have expanded and we don't want it to appear off screen.
    ax.relim()
    ax.autoscale_view(True, True, True)


# Create our animation. It will listen for updates on `tt` and call `update_fig` whenever there is an update
ani = TableAnimation(fig, tt, update_fig)

A real-time line chart

Bar plot

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from deephaven import time_table
from deephaven.plugin.matplotlib import TableAnimation
from deephaven import SortDirection

top_n = 5
# Create a ticking table with the linear function y = x
tt = time_table("PT1S").update(["x=i", "y=i"])
tt_sorted = tt.sort(order_by=["y"], order=[SortDirection.DESCENDING])
# Create a table with 5 largest values for the chart
tt_sorted_top = tt_sorted.head(top_n)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
rects = ax.bar(range(top_n), [0] * top_n)

# Note that Deephaven Express eliminates the complexity of update_fig and TableAnimation


def update_fig(data, update):
    # update heights of the columns
    for rect, h in zip(rects, data["y"]):
        rect.set_height(h)
    # update labels
    ax.set_xticklabels(data["x"])
    ax.relim()
    ax.autoscale_view(True, True, True)


bar_plot_ani = TableAnimation(fig, tt_sorted_top, update_fig)

A bar chart updating in real time

Scatter plot

Scatter plots require data in a different format than line plots, so we need to pass in the data differently:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from deephaven import time_table
from deephaven.plugin.matplotlib import TableAnimation

tt = time_table("PT1S").update(
    ["x=Math.random()", "y=Math.random()", "z=Math.random()*50"]
)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.subplots()
ax.set_xlim(0, 1)
ax.set_ylim(0, 1)
scat = ax.scatter([], [])  # Provide empty data initially
scatter_offsets = []  # Store separate arrays for offsets and sizes
scatter_sizes = []

# Note that Deephaven Express eliminates the complexity of update_fig and TableAnimation


def update_fig(data, update):
    # This assumes that table is always increasing. Otherwise need to look at other
    # properties in update for creates and removed items
    added = update.added()
    for i in range(0, len(added["x"])):
        # Append new data to the sources
        scatter_offsets.append([added["x"][i], added["y"][i]])
        scatter_sizes.append(added["z"][i])

    # Update the figure
    scat.set_offsets(scatter_offsets)
    scat.set_sizes(scatter_sizes)


ani = TableAnimation(fig, tt, update_fig)

The above real-time scatter plot

Multiple series

It's possible to have multiple kinds of series in the same figure. Here is an example of a line and a scatter plot:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from deephaven import time_table
from deephaven.plugin.matplotlib import TableAnimation

tt = time_table("PT1S").update(
    ["x=i", "y=Math.sin(x)", "z=Math.cos(x)", "r=Math.random()", "s=Math.random()*100"]
)

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.subplots()
(line1,) = ax.plot([], [])
(line2,) = ax.plot([], [])
scat = ax.scatter([], [])
scatter_offsets = []
scatter_sizes = []

# Note that Deephaven Express eliminates the complexity of update_fig and TableAnimation


def update_fig(data, update):
    line1.set_data([data["x"], data["y"]])
    line2.set_data([data["x"], data["z"]])
    added = update.added()
    for i in range(0, len(added["x"])):
        scatter_offsets.append([added["x"][i], added["r"][i]])
        scatter_sizes.append(added["s"][i])
    scat.set_offsets(scatter_offsets)
    scat.set_sizes(scatter_sizes)
    ax.relim()
    ax.autoscale_view(True, True, True)


ani = TableAnimation(fig, tt, update_fig)

Multiple series on the same plot

Seaborn examples

Static plotting

Caution

All examples in this guide use Matplotlib's explicit interface. Users should do the same, especially in examples where there are multiple plots that source data from ticking tables.

Here is the basic usage of Seaborn to show one figure:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import pandas as pd


x = [0, 2, 4, 6]
y = [1, 3, 4, 8]
df = pd.DataFrame({"X": x, "Y": y})
m_figure, m_axes = plt.subplots()
sns.lineplot(data=df, x="X", y="Y", ax=m_axes)
m_axes.set_xlabel("x values")
m_axes.set_ylabel("y values")
m_axes.set_title("plotted x and y values")
m_axes.legend(["line 1"])

The above plots created with Seaborn

Real-time plotting with TableAnimation

Seaborn is designed to plot data from pandas DataFrames. Unlike Matplotlib, we will convert table data to to DataFrames in the update_fig function.

Line plot

from deephaven.plugin.matplotlib import TableAnimation
from deephaven import pandas as dhpd
from deephaven import time_table

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import pandas as pd

# Create a ticking table with the cosine function
tt = time_table("PT1S").update(["X = 0.2 * i", "Y = Math.cos(X)"])

fig, ax = plt.subplots()  # Create a new figure

# Note that Deephaven Express eliminates the complexity of update_fig and TableAnimation


# This function updates a figure
def update_fig(data, update):
    # Clear the axes (don't draw over old lines)
    ax.clear()
    # Convert the X and Y columns in `tt` to a DataFrame
    df = dhpd.to_pandas(tt.view(["X", "Y"]))
    # Draw the line plot, pass `ax` to use explicit interface, which is strongly recommended
    sns.lineplot(df, x="X", y="Y", ax=ax)


# Create our animation. It will listen for updates on `tt` and call `update_fig` whenever there is an update
line_plot_ani = TableAnimation(fig, tt, update_fig)

A real-time line plot created with Seaborn

Bar plot

from deephaven.plugin.matplotlib import TableAnimation
from deephaven import pandas as dhpd
from deephaven import SortDirection
from deephaven import time_table

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import pandas as pd

top_n = 5

# Create a ticking table with the linear function y = x
tt = time_table("PT1S").update(["X = i", "Y = i"])
# Sort `tt` by the top 5 values in the Y column
tt_sorted = tt.sort(order_by=["Y"], order=[SortDirection.DESCENDING])
# Create a table with 5 largest values for the chart
tt_sorted_top = tt_sorted.head(top_n)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

# Note that Deephaven Express eliminates the complexity of update_fig and TableAnimation


# This function updates a figure
def update_fig(data, update):
    # Clear the axes (don't draw over old bars)
    ax.clear()
    # Convert the table of top 5 values to a DataFrame
    df = dhpd.to_pandas(tt_sorted_top.view(["X", "Y"]))
    # Draw the barplot, pass `ax` to use explicit interface, which is strongly recommended
    sns.barplot(df, x="X", y="Y", ax=ax)


# Create our animation. It will listen for updates on `tt` and call `update_fig` whenever there is an update
bar_plot_ani = TableAnimation(fig, tt_sorted_top, update_fig)

A real-time bar plot created with Seaborn

Scatter plot

from deephaven.plugin.matplotlib import TableAnimation
from deephaven import pandas as dhpd
from deephaven import SortDirection
from deephaven import time_table

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import pandas as pd

# Create a ticking table with random x, y, and z values
tt = time_table("PT2S").update(
    ["X = Math.random()", "Y = Math.random()", "Z = Math.random()*50"]
)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

# Note that Deephaven Express eliminates the complexity of update_fig and TableAnimation


# This function updates a figure
def update_fig(data, update):
    # Clear the axes as to not draw over anything
    ax.clear()
    # Convert the X, Y, and Z columns to a dataframe
    df = dhpd.to_pandas(tt.view(["X", "Y", "Z"])).astype("object")
    # Draw the scatter plot, pass `ax` to use explicit interface, which is strongly recommended
    sns.scatterplot(df, x="X", y="Y", size="Z", ax=ax)


# Create our animation. It will listen for updates on `tt` and call `update_fig` whenever there is an update
ani = TableAnimation(fig, tt, update_fig)

The above real-time scatter plot created with Seaborn

Multiple series

from deephaven.plugin.matplotlib import TableAnimation
from deephaven import pandas as dhpd
from deephaven import SortDirection
from deephaven import time_table

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns
import pandas as pd

# Create a ticking table with sine, cosine, and random numbers
tt = time_table("PT1S").update(
    [
        "X = i",
        "Y = Math.sin(X)",
        "Z = Math.cos(X)",
        "R = Math.random()",
        "S = Math.random()*50",
    ]
)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()

# Note that Deephaven Express eliminates the complexity of update_fig and TableAnimation


# This function updates a figure
def update_fig(data, update):
    # Clear the figure so we don't draw over stuff
    ax.clear()
    # Convert the data columns to a Pandas DataFrame
    df = dhpd.to_pandas(tt.view(["X", "Y", "Z", "R", "S"])).astype("object")
    # Draw two line plots and a scatterplot
    sns.lineplot(df, x="X", y="Y", ax=ax)
    sns.lineplot(df, x="X", y="Z", ax=ax)
    sns.scatterplot(df, x="X", y="R", size="S", ax=ax)


# Create our animation. It will listen for updates on `tt` and call `update_fig` whenever there is an update
ani = TableAnimation(fig, tt, update_fig)

A multi-series line plot created with Seaborn

Matplotlib and Seaborn

Install the Matplotlib plugin

Matplotlib examples

Static plotting

3D plots

Real-time plotting with TableAnimation

Line plot

Bar plot

Scatter plot

Multiple series

Seaborn examples

Static plotting

Real-time plotting with TableAnimation

Line plot

Bar plot

Scatter plot

Multiple series

Related documentation