Supported Parquet formats
Apache Parquet is an open-source, column-oriented data file format for efficient data storage and retrieval. Parquet is designed for complex, large-scale data, with several types of data compression formats available.
Parquet files are composed of row groups, a header, and a footer. Each row group contains data from every column, stored in a columnar format. This column-oriented structure optimizes performance and minimizes I/O. Parquet partitioning works by dividing the data into separate files based on specified criteria. For example, data may be partitioned by a date column, resulting in separate files for each day.
Parquet is meant to be a standard interchange format for batch and interactive workloads. Deephaven supports standard Parquet file formats out of the box.
Single Parquet file
Deephaven supports single Parquet files. Using a single large Parquet file may be more storage efficient than many smaller files with accompanying metadata. It can be faster to read and process because there is less overhead in opening and closing files.
Parquet file directories
Directories can contain multiple Parquet files. These can be loaded as sections of a single table. They must be flat Parquet files -- they have no partitioning columns.
A flat layout may be useful if:
- you want to control the size of your file
- you want to write one piece at a time
- you are writing files sequentially; e.g., writing once per hour
- you have different systems publishing
- you are using a third-party index
Nested Parquet files
These Parquet files are hierarchically partitioned, nested in directories with names in the form of "key=value". All Parquet files are stored at the same nesting level. Choose this format if you have hierarchical partitioning and want Deephaven to determine the partitioning columns and value types automatically. Deephaven infers partitioning column names from the “keys” and parses the value type. This is useful if you do not have metadata files with information about expected types.
Note that if Deephaven does not know how to parse a value, it becomes a string. Support for unknown types can be accomplished with codecArgs.
Metadata files
Deephaven supports optional metadata files that let you specify the types of your partitioning columns, which may not be obvious otherwise. Top-level metadata files can supply the full table schema and information about partitioning columns, while leaf-level files provide additional information to the engine (such as grouping/indexing). Deephaven can discover your Parquet files without looking at the entire file system, and all metadata is loaded at once.